Two strains of Streptosporangium were isolated from Yunnan Province, a region of China with specific geographical conditions that contribute to its great microbiological diversity. They were identified using a polyphasic approach employing phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic techniques, such as study of morphological and physiological properties, cell chemistry, G+C content of the genomic DNA, DNA-DNA hybridization and phylogenetic analysis. The strains belong to two novel species of Streptosporangium on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of morphological, physiological and biochemical investigations and DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the two strains are different from known members of the genus Streptosporangium. The names Streptosporangium yunnanense sp. nov. (type strain CY-11007(T)=CCTCC AA 97009(T)=CCRC 16307(T)=DSM 44663(T)) and Streptosporangium purpuratum sp. nov. (type strain CY-15110(T)=CCTCC AA 97010(T)=CCRC 16308(T)=DSM 44688(T)) are proposed. They have been deposited in CCTCC in Wuhan.