Strains of Deinococcus geothermalis sp. nov. were isolated from the hot spring and runoff at Agnano, Naples, Italy, and from the hot spring at S?o Pedro do Sul in central Portugal, while strains of Deinococcus murrayi sp. nov. were isolated from the hot springs at S?o Pedro do Sul, S?o Gemil, and Alcafache in central Portugal. The strains of D. geothermalis and D. murrayi produce orange-pigmented colonies and have an optimum growth temperature of about 45 to 50 degrees C. The type strains of the two new species are extremely gamma radiation resistant. The fatty acids of these new species are primarily branched-chain fatty acids. The two new species can be distinguished from each other by the lower pH range of D. geothermalis than of D. murrayi, by their fatty acid compositions, and by several biochemical parameters, including the ability of D. geothermalis to grow in minimal medium without yeast extract. 16S rRNA gene sequencing also showed that the isolates constitute two species and that these species are distinct from the other species of the genus Deinococcus. The type strain of D. geothermalis is AG-3a (= DSM 11300), and the type strain of D. murrayi is ALT-1b (= DSM 11303).