Five heterotrophic, aerobic, halotolerant and pigmented bacterial strains with gliding motility were isolated from Antarctic sea water; one other isolate was collected from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the Gulf of Peter the Great in the Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains are members of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the nearest neighbour (with 97.1 % sequence similarity) being the misclassified species [Cytophaga] marinoflava. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the six novel isolates represent a single species distinct from [C.] marinoflava. On the basis of its separate phylogenetic lineage (the nearest neighbours show 92 % sequence similarity), [C.] marinoflava is reclassified as Leeuwenhoekiella marinoflava gen. nov., comb. nov. A second species of this new genus, Leeuwenhoekiella aequorea sp. nov., is proposed for the six novel isolates, with strain LMG 22550(T) (=CCUG 50091(T)) as the type strain.

A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped and yellow pigmented bacterium, designated strain IDSW-73(T), was isolated from a seawater sample and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the family Flavobacteriaceae and is most closely related to the members of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 91.4-92.6 %. Strain IDSW-73(T) was found to be able to grow with 0-12 % NaCl and at 4-33 �XC; and was able to hydrolyse gelatin, starch and Tweens 20, 40 and 80. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.2 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as branched-chain saturated and unsaturated and straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1, iso-C17:1 �s9c, C15:1 �s6c, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (as defined by MIDI), comprising iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 �s7c. The polar lipids found were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and one unknown lipid. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6. The significant molecular distinctiveness between the novel isolate and its nearest neighbours were strongly supported by notable differences in physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, strain IDSW-73(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Flavimarina pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IDSW-73(T) (=KCTC 32466(T) = KMM 6759(T)). Emended descriptions of the recognized species of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella are also proposed.

Some repetitions, omissions or errors have been made in the Validation Lists published in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology and they are corrected in this paper.

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